辽东铀成矿带连山关地区韧性剪切带与铀成矿作用     

吴迪  刘永江  李伟民  常瑞虹 《岩石学报》2020,36(8):2571-2588

连山关地区位于华北克拉通北缘铀成矿省辽东铀成矿带，已知铀矿床（点）均发育在韧性剪切带附近。为了解韧性剪切带运动学、几何学构造变形机制及与铀矿的关系，本文以连山关岩体周缘韧性剪切带为研究对象，通过野外宏观调查和室内微观研究相结合的研究方法，探讨构造变形期次、韧性剪切带形成机理及其对铀成矿的控制作用。研究表明：连山关岩体周缘发育的韧性剪切带与近南北向挤压构造变形有关，其右行韧性剪切带应变类型为压扁应变，属于一般压缩-平面应变范围，Flinn指数K值在0.19~0.69之间，岩石类型属于S/SL型构造岩。研究区内铀矿体均为隐伏盲矿体，主要赋存于沿着连山关岩体和辽河群接触带右行剪切作用形成的背斜褶皱核部，和北东东向断裂关系密切。综合分析认为，连山关岩体南缘北西向韧性剪切带为一级控矿构造，是区内铀矿热液运移的通道，而剪切带边部的晚期北东东向断裂则是铀矿储存空间；铀源可能来自于太古宙古风化壳，并在大型韧性剪切活动（提供热液运移通道）和基性脉岩侵入（提供热源和还原剂）等综合因素作用下运移、富集成矿。  相似文献   

唐山地区波速比变化特征研究     

王亚茹  宋昭  刘晓丹  郭蕾  王妍  王时  宫猛  王想 《大地测量与地球动力学》2019,39(7):686-690

选取唐山地区2008~2018年震相数据，利用单台多震和达法和多台多震和达法分别计算波速比，结合研究区内的地震活动对波速比的变化特征进行研究。结果显示，多台多震和达法得到的波速比结果较为稳定，而单台多震和达法得到的结果变化幅度大，显示更多细节；唐山地区ML≥4.5地震发生前单台波速比存在不同程度的异常，异常台站的方位与地震具有一定的对应性。  相似文献   

冻融循环下花岗岩剪切蠕变试验与模型研究     

张峰瑞  姜谙男  杨秀荣  申发义 《岩土力学》2020,41(2):509-519

为探讨冻融对寒区工程岩石剪切蠕变特性的影响，以吉林省辉白隧道花岗岩为研究对象，对经历不同冻融循环次数的试样开展细观特征分析和剪切蠕变试验。试验结果表明：（1）随着冻融次数的增加，试样裂隙、孔隙不断扩展，岩石表面损伤现象愈发明显；（2）试样主要以中小孔隙为主，孔隙度随着冻融次数的增加呈非线性增长趋势；（3）随着冻融循环次数增加，蠕变变形量和蠕变速率逐渐增大，而蠕变时长、破坏应力和长期强度均呈现明显降低趋势。根据试验结果，进行冻融岩石非定常蠕变参数的表达，提出了冻融岩石损伤黏性元件，构建了花岗岩冻融剪切蠕变本构模型。将蠕变试验曲线和理论模型拟合曲线进行对比，验证了模型的正确性和适用性。通过对蠕变参数进行敏感性分析，研究了其对花岗岩蠕变变形的影响，并给出了蠕变参数随冻融循环次数的变化规律。该研究结果对于寒区岩体工程长期稳定性评价具有指导意义。  相似文献   

海上风电升压站平台高程确定标准的合理性研究     

潘晓春 《海洋技术学报》2019,38(6):83-88

为保证海上风电升压电站建设的经济合理与安全可靠,合理确定海上风电升压电站平台高程十分必要。文中从波浪与潮位的遭遇组合、最大波高取值与现行相关标准的比较、最大波峰高度计算的合理性等方面,全面分析了确定海上风电升压站平台高程各组成项取值标准的合理性,研究认为现行标准明显偏高。建议海上升压站平台底部高程按"100年一遇极端高水位+重现期50年波列累积频率1%的最大波峰高度+安全超高"确定。结合工程实例计算分析,按本文建议可使海上升压站平台高程明显降低,从而节省工程造价,还可减轻升压站工程对周边风机的遮蔽影响,以达到多发电量的效果。  相似文献   

Obtaining the distribution of quiescent periods directly from the power spectral densities of Sea waves     

《Applied Ocean Research》2019

There is a growing practical interest in the ability to increase the sea states at which marine operations can be safely undertaken by exploiting the quiescent periods that are well known to exist under a wide range of sea conditions. While the actual prediction of quiescent periods at sea for the control of operations is a deterministic process, the long term planning of future maritime tasks that rely on these quiescent periods is a statistical process involving the anticipated quiescence properties of the forecasted sea conditions in the geographical region of interest. It is in principle possible to obtain such data in tabular form either large scale simulation or from field data. However, such simulations are computationally intensive and libraries of appropriate field data are not common. Thus, it is clearly attractive to develop techniques that exploit standard wave spectral models for describing the quiescence statistics directly from such spectra. The present study focuses upon such techniques and is a first step towards the production of a computationally low-cost quiescence prediction tool and compares its efficacy against simulations. Two significant properties emerge for a large class of wave spectral models that encompasses the ubiquitous Neumann and Pierson Moskowitz or Bretschneider forms. Firstly, the auto-correlation function of the wave profile that are required to produce the quiescence property can be obtained analytically in terms of standard special functions. This considerably reduces the computational cost making desktop computer-based planning tools a reality. Secondly, for each class of these parametric spectra, the probability of a given number of consecutive wave heights (normalised to the significant wave heights) less than some critical value is in fact independent of absolute wave height. Thus, for a broad class of practically interesting wave spectra all that is required to obtain the statistical distribution of the quiescent periods is simple rescaling.  相似文献   

塑性极限分析鱼雷锚锚尖贯入阻力     

瑜璐  杨庆  杨钢  张金利 《岩土力学》2020,41(6):1953-1962

鱼雷锚安装过程中,锚尖形状影响尖部贯入阻力进而影响贯入深度。基于塑性极限分析理论下限法分析不同锚尖长径比x的椭圆形锚尖的贯入阻力和贯入阻力系数,并考虑了贯入深度、锚-土界面摩擦对贯入阻力以及贯入阻力系数的影响。结果表明:(1)锚-土界面光滑时,锚尖贯入阻力系数随着锚尖长径比的增大而减小;锚-土界面粗糙时,锚尖贯入阻力系数随着锚尖长径比的增大而增大。(2)摩擦力对贯入阻力系数的影响随着ξ增大而增大。(3)随着埋置深度增加,贯入阻力系数受x影响最小时所对应的摩擦系数逐渐减小。(4)当锚-土界面摩擦系数ω 0.75时,工程中可选用ξ1的锚尖用以减小端部贯入阻力;当ω0.26时,ξ1的锚尖提供更小的端部贯入阻力。锚尖长径比ξ=0和ξ=1的下限解与前人研究的桩基和圆形结构的理论解较为一致,进一步验证了所提出的椭圆形锚尖下限法模型的可行性。  相似文献   

硅灰加固宁波软土的试验研究     

王泽平  王常明  江南  张在恒 《岩土工程技术》2020,(2):111-116,121

为探索硅灰对软土的力学性质的影响,以宁波鄞州地区一种淤泥质黏土为试样,掺入不同量的硅灰,对硅灰加固土的力学性质和结构特征进行了测试。采用三轴不固结不排水剪切试验,测试分析了不同掺入量的硅灰加固土的应力应变关系,通过扫描电镜SEM照片分析了不同硅灰掺入量的硅灰加固土的结构特征。结果表明:(1)硅灰可以提高软土的黏聚力,黏聚力随着硅灰掺入量的增加而增大;(2)随着硅灰掺入量的增加,硅灰加固土的抗变形能力呈先增加后减小的趋势;(3)同一围压条件下,随着硅灰掺入量的增加,硅灰加固土的破坏偏应力逐渐增加;(4)随着硅灰掺入量的增加,硅灰加固土中大孔隙逐渐减少,小孔隙逐渐数量增加,孔径<1μm的小孔隙组分逐渐占优。  相似文献   

The recognition of former melt flux through high‐strain zones          下载免费PDF全文

Catherine A. Stuart  Sandra Piazolo  Nathan R. Daczko 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2018,36(8):1049-1069

High‐strain zones are potential pathways of melt migration through the crust. However, the identification of melt‐present high‐strain deformation is commonly limited to cases where the interpreted volume of melt “frozen” within the high‐strain zone is high (>10%). In this contribution, we examine high‐strain zones in the Pembroke Granulite, an otherwise low‐strain outcrop of volcanic arc lower crust exposed in Fiordland, New Zealand. These high‐strain zones display compositional layering, flaser‐shaped mineral grains, and closely spaced foliation planes indicative of high‐strain deformation. Asymmetric leucosome surrounding peritectic garnet grains suggest deformation was synchronous with minor amounts of in situ partial melting. High‐strain zones lack typical mylonite microstructures and instead display typical equilibrium microstructures, such as straight grain boundaries, 120° triple junctions, and subhedral grain shapes. We identify five key microstructures indicative of the former presence of melt within the high‐strain zones: (a) small dihedral angles of interstitial phases; (b) elongate interstitial grains; (c) small aggregates of quartz grains with xenomorphic plagioclase grains connected in three dimensions; (d) fine‐grained, K‐feldspar bearing, multiphase aggregates with or without augite rims; and (e) mm‐ to cm‐scale felsic dykelets. Preservation of key microstructures indicates that deformation ceased as conditions crossed the solidus, breaking the positive feedback loop between deformation and the presence of melt. We propose that microstructures indicative of the former presence of melt, such as the five identified above, may be used as a tool for recognising rocks formed during melt‐present high‐strain deformation where low (<5%) volumes of leucosome are “frozen” within the high‐strain zone.  相似文献   

Effect of sand on the vacuum consolidation of dredged slurry     

Jun Wang  Yuanqiang Cai  Xueyu Geng  Fengqi Xu 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2018,36(2):238-244

Vacuum preloading is often used to improve the geotechnical properties of dredged slurry. Although the performance of this method has improved with rapidly developing technology, soil columns usually formed on the drainage boundary induce the decrease of permeability around the boundary, thereby limiting the further development of this method. To address this issue, this paper proposes a method for pretreating the slurry combined with sand prior to vacuum consolidation. This method partially replaces the fine particles with sand to reduce the formation of soil columns. Two groups of vacuum preloading tests were performed to investigate the effect of sand content and sand grain size on the vacuum consolidation of dredged slurry. The test results revealed that for a given sand grain size, increasing the sand content of the sand–slurry mixture increased the pore water drainage and accelerated the dissipation of pore water pressure, thereby increasing the vane shear strength. In contrast, for a constant sand content, the samples containing coarse sand exhibited increased pore water drainage and accelerated dissipation of pore water pressure, thereby increasing the vane shear strength of the soil.  相似文献   

Analytical study of ground motion caused by seismic wave propagation across faulted rock masses          下载免费PDF全文

J.C. Li  N.N. Li  S.B. Chai  H.B. Li 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2018,42(1):95-109

Studying seismic wave propagation across rock masses and the induced ground motion is an important topic, which receives considerable attention in design and construction of underground cavern/tunnel constructions and mining activities. The current study investigates wave propagation across a rock mass with one fault and the induced ground motion using a recursive approach. The rocks beside the fault are assumed as viscoelastic media with seismic quality factors, Q_p and Q_s. Two kinds of interactions between stress waves and a discontinuity and between stress waves and a free surface are analyzed, respectively. As the result of the wave superposition, the mathematical expressions for induced ground vibration are deduced. The proposed approach is then compared with the existing analysis for special cases. Finally, parametric studies are carried out, which includes the influences of fault stiffness, incident angle, and frequency of incident waves on the peak particle velocities of the ground motions.  相似文献